Showing posts with label land. Show all posts
Showing posts with label land. Show all posts

Tuesday, 5 May 2015

Poverty in Africa

Blogger Ref http://www.p2pfoundation.net/Transfinancial_Economics



Poverty in Africa refers to the lack of basic human needs faced by certain people in African society. African nations typically fall toward the bottom of any list measuring small size economic activity, such as income per capita or GDP per capita, despite a wealth of natural resources. In 2009, 22 of 24 nations identified as having "Low Human Development" on the United Nations' (UN) Human Development Index were in Sub-Saharan Africa.[1] In 2006, 34 of the 50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa.[2] In many nations, GDP per capita is less than US$5200 per year, with the vast majority of the population living on much less. In addition, Africa's share of income has been consistently dropping over the past century by any measure. In 1820, the average European worker earned about three times what the average African did. Now, the average European earns twenty times what the average African does.[3] Although GDP per capita incomes in Africa have also been steadily growing, measures are still far better in other parts of the world.


Mismanagement of land[edit]

Despite large amounts of arable land south of the Sahara Desert, small, individual land holdings are rare. In many nations, land is subject to tribal ownership and in others, most of the land is often in the hands of descendants of European settlers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For example, according to a 2005 IRIN report, about 82% of the arable land in South Africa is owned by those of European descent.[4] Many nations lack a system of freehold landowning. In others, the laws prevent people from disadvantaged groups from owning land at all. Although often these laws are ignored, and land sales to disadvantaged groups occur, legal title to the land is not assured. As such, rural Africans rarely have clear title to their own land, and have to survive as farm laborers. Unused land is plentiful, but is often private property. Most African nations have very poor land registration systems, making squatting and landtheft common occurrences. This makes it difficult to get a mortgage or similar loan, as ownership of the property often cannot be established to the satisfaction of financiers.[5]
This system often gives an advantage to one native African group over another, and is not just Europeans over Africans. For example, it was hoped that land reform in Zimbabwe would transfer land from European land owners to family farmers. Instead, it simply substituted native Africans with ties to the government for Europeans, leaving much of the population disadvantaged.[5] Because of this abuse, foreign aid that was destined for land purchases was withdrawn. (See Land reform in Zimbabwe)
It is estimated[by whom?] that a family of four can be made self-sufficient for about $300 (U.S.) – the cost of an Ox, a few hectares of land, and starter seeds.[citation needed] Historically, such programs have been few and far between, with much foreign aid being concentrated on the raising of cash crops and large plantations rather than family farms.[6]
There is no consensus on what the optimal strategy for land use in Africa may be. Studies by the National Academy of Sciences have suggested great promise in relying on native crops as a means to improving Africa's food security. A report by Future Harvest suggests that traditionally used forage plants show the same promise.[7] Supporting a different viewpoint is an article appearing in AgBioForum which suggests that smallhold farmers benefited substantially by planting a genetically modified variety of maize.[8] In a similar vein is an article discussing the use of nontraditional crops for export published as part of the proceedings of a Purdue University symposium.[9]

Misused money[edit]

Over $500 billion (U.S.) has been sent to African nations in the form of direct aid.[10][11] The consensus is that the money has had little long-term effect.
In addition, most African nations have owed substantial sums of money. However, a large percentage of the money was either invested in weapons (money that was spent back in developed nations, and provided little or no benefit to the native population) or was directly misappropriated by corrupt governments. As such, many newly democratic nations in Africa are saddled with debt run up by totalitarian regimes. Large debts usually result in little being spent on social services, such as education, pensions, or medical care. In addition, most of the debt currently owed (approximately $321 billion (U.S.) in 1996[12]) represents only the interest portion on the debt, and far exceeds the amounts that were actually borrowed (although this is true of large debts in developed nations as well). Most African nations are pushing for debt relief, as they are effectively unable to maintain payments on debt without extending the debt payments indefinitely. However, most plans to forgive debt affect only the smallest nations, and large debtor nations, like Nigeria, are often excluded from such plans.
What large sums of money that are in Africa are often used to develop mega-projects when the need is for smaller scale projects. For example, Ghana was the richest country in Africa when it obtained independence. However, a few years later, it had no foreign reserves of any consequence. The money was spent on large projects that turned out to be a waste of resources:
  • The Akosombo Dam was built to supply electricity for the extraction of aluminium from bauxite. Unfortunately, Ghanaian ores turned out to be too low grade and the electricity is now used to process ores from other nations.
  • A two-lane paved highway was built into the interior. Unfortunately, Ghana has few motor vehicles that require such a superior roadway, and there are very few other roads of any kind in the country.
  • Storage silos for the storage of cocoa were built to allow Ghana to take advantage of fluctuations in the commodity prices. Unfortunately, unprocessed cocoa does not react well to even short-term storage and the silos now sit empty.
Another example of misspent money is the Aswan High Dam. The dam was supposed to have modernized Egypt and Sudan immediately. Instead, the block of the natural flow of the Nile River meant that the Nile's natural supply of nitrate fertilizer and organic material was blocked. Now, about one-third of the dam's electric output goes directly into fertilizer production for what was previously the most fertile area on the planet. Moreover, the dam is silting up and may cease to serve any useful purpose within the next few centuries. In addition, the Mediterranean Sea is slowly becoming more saline as the Nile River previously provided it with most of its new fresh water influx.
Corruption is also a major problem in the region, although it is certainly not universal or limited to Africa. Many native groups in Africa believe family relationships are more important than national identity, and people in authority often use nepotism and bribery for the benefit of their extended family group at the expense of their nations. To be fair, many corrupt governments often do better than authoritarian ones that replace them. Ethiopia is a good case study. Under Haile Selassie, corruption was rife and poverty rampant. However, after his overthrow, corruption was lessened, but then famine and military aggressiveness came to the fore. In any event, corruption both diverts aid money and foreign investment (which is usually sent to offshore banks outside of Africa), and puts a heavy burden on native populations forced to pay bribes to get basic government services.
In the end, foreign aid may not even be helpful in the long run to many African nations. It often encourages them not to tax internal economic activities of multinational corporations within their borders to attract foreign investment. In addition, most African nations have at least some wealthy nationals, and foreign aid often allows them to avoid paying more than negligible taxes. As such, wealth redistribution and capital controls are often seen as a more appropriate way for African nations to stabilize funding for their government budgets and smooth out the boom and bust cycles that can often arise in a developing economy. However, this sort of strategy often leads to internal political dissent and capital flight.

Human resources[edit]

Widespread availability of cheap labor has often perpetuated policies that encourage inefficient agricultural and industrial practices, leaving Africa further impoverished. For example, author P.J. O'Rourke noted on his trip to Tanzania for his book Eat the Rich that gravel was produced with manual labor (by pounding rocks with tools), where in almost everywhere else in the world machines did the same work far more cheaply and efficiently. He used Tanzania as an example of a nation with superb natural resources that nevertheless was among the poorest nations in the world.
Education is also a major problem, even in the wealthier nations. Illiteracy rates are high although a good proportion of Africans speak at least two languages and a number speak three (generally their native language, a neighbouring or trade language, and a European language). Higher education is almost unheard of, although certain universities in Egypt and South Africa have excellent reputations. However, some African nations have a paucity of persons with university degrees, and advanced degrees are rare in most areas. As such, the continent, for the most part, lacks scientists, engineers and even teachers. The seeming parody of aid workers attempting to teach trilingual people English is not entirely untrue.[citation needed]
South Africa under apartheid is an excellent example of how an adverse situation can further degrade. The largely black population earlier wished to learn English (black South Africans saw it as a way to unite themselves as they speak several different native languages).

Disease[edit]

The greatest mortality in Africa arises from preventable water-borne diseases, which affect infants and young children greater than any other group. The principal cause of these diseases is the regional water crisis, or lack of safe drinking water primarily stemming from mixing sewage and drinking water supplies.
Much attention has been given to the prevalence of AIDS in Africa. 3,000 Africans die each day of AIDS and an additional 11,000 are infected. Less than one percent are actually treated.[citation needed] However, even with the widespread prevalence of AIDS (where infection rates can approach 30% among the sexually active population), and fatal infections such as the Ebola virus, other diseases are far more problematic. In fact, the situation with AIDS is improving in some nations as infection rates drop, and deaths from Ebola are rare. On the other hand, diseases once common but now almost unknown in most of the industrialized world, like malaria, tuberculosis, tapeworm and dysentery often claim far more victims, particularly among the young. Polio has made a comeback recently due to misinformation spread by anti-American Islamic groups in Nigeria. Diseases native to Africa, such as sleeping sickness, also resist attempts at elimination too.

Lack of infrastructure[edit]

Clean potable water is rare in most of Africa (even those parts outside the sub-Saharan region) despite the fact that the continent is crossed by several major rivers and contains some of the largest freshwater lakes in the world. However, many of the major population centres are coastal, and few major cities have adequate sewage treatment systems. Although boiling water is a possibility, fuel for boiling is scarce as well. The problem is worst in Africa's rapidly growing cities, such as Cairo, Lagos and Kinshasa.
Colonialism concentrated on joining the coast with internal territories. As such, nearly none of Africa's roads and railways connect with each other in any meaningful way. Joining Africa's extensive railway network has recently become a priority for African nations outside of southwest Africa, which has an integrated network. Transportation between neighbouring coastal settlements is nearly always by sea, no matter the topography of the land in between them. Even basic services like telecommunications are often treated the same way. For example, phone calls between Ghana and neighbouring Côte d'Ivoire once had to be routed through Britain and France. Although Africa had numerous pre-European overland trade routes, few are suitable for modern transport such as trucks or railways, especially when they cross old European colonial borders.

Conflict[edit]

Despite other hot spots for war, Africa consistently remains among the top places for ongoing conflicts, consisting of both long standing civil wars (e.g. Somalia) and conflicts between countries (e.g. Ethiopia and Eritrea's border wars after the latter's independence from the former). Despite a lack of basic social services or even the basic necessities of life, military forces are often well-financed and well-equipped.
As a result, Africa is full of refugees, who are often deliberately displaced by military forces during a conflict, rather than just having fled from war torn areas. Although many refugees emigrate to open countries such as Germany, Canada, and the United States, the ones who do emigrate are often the most educated and skilled. The remainder often become a burden on neighbouring African nations that, while peaceful, are generally unable to deal with the logistical problems refugees pose.
Civil war usually has the result of totally shutting down all government services. However, any conflict generally disrupts what trade or economy there is. Sierra Leone, which depends on diamonds for much of its economic activity, not only faces disruption in production (which reduces the supply), but a thriving black market in conflict diamonds, which drives down the price for what diamonds are produced.

Climate Change[edit]

The link between climate change and poverty has been examined.[13] Climate change is likely to increase the size, frequency and unpredictability of natural hazards. However, there is nothing natural about the transformation of natural hazards into disasters. The severity of a disaster's impact is dependent on existing levels of vulnerability, extent of exposure to disaster event and nature of hazard.[13] A communities' risk to disaster is dynamic and will change over space and time. It is heavily influenced by the interplay between economic, socio-cultural and demographic factors, as well as skewed development, such as rapid and unplanned urbanisation.[13]
The level of poverty is a key determinant of disaster risk. Poverty increases propensity and severity of disasters and reduces peoples' capacity to recover and reconstruct.[13] However, vulnerability is not just shaped to poverty, but linked to wider social, political and institutional factors, that govern entitlements and capabilities.

Effects of poverty[edit]

High index values, indicated by lighter colors, show the relative poverty of African countries as ranked by the UNDP's 2004 list of countries by quality of life.
Africa's economic malaise is self-perpetuating, as it engenders more of the disease, warfare, misgovernment, and corruption that created it in the first place. Other effects of poverty have similar consequences. The most direct consequence of low GDP is Africa's low standard of living and quality of life. Except for a wealthy elite and the more prosperous peoples of South Africa and the Maghreb, Africans have very few consumer goods. Quality of life does not correlate exactly with a nation's wealth. Angola, for instance, reaps large sums annually from its diamond mines, but after years of civil war, conditions there remain poor. Radios, televisions, and automobiles are rare luxuries. Most Africans are on the far side of the digital divide and are cut off from communications technology and the Internet, however use of mobile phones has been growing dramatically in recent years with 65% of Africans having access to a mobile phone as of 2011.[14] Quality of life and human development are also low. African nations dominate the lower reaches of the UN Human Development Index. Infant mortality is high, while life expectancy, literacy, and education are all low. The UN also lowers the ranking of African states because the continent sees greater inequality than any other region. The best educated often choose to leave the continent for the West or the Persian Gulf to seek a better life; in the case of some nations like South Africa, many Caucasians have fled due to employment bias.
Catastrophes cause deadly periods of great shortages. The most damaging are the famines that have regularly hit the continent, especially the Horn of Africa. These have been caused by disruptions due to warfare, years of drought, and plagues of locusts.
An average African faced annual inflation of over 60% from 1990 until 2002 in those few countries that account for inflation. At the high end, Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo both saw triple-digit inflation throughout the period. Most African nations saw inflation of approximately 10% per year.

See also[edit]

Portal iconAfrica portal

References[edit]

  1. Jump up ^ International Human Development Indicators. undp.org
  2. Jump up ^ LDCs List. Un.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-31.
  3. Jump up ^ * A New Partnership for Growth in Africa
  4. Jump up ^ SOUTH AFRICA: Land ownership remains racially skewed. 24 May 2005 (IRIN)
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b In-depth: Land reform in Southern Africa. SOUTHERN AFRICA: Overview. 1 July 2003 (IRIN)
  6. Jump up ^ 3. Food self-sufficiency: Crisis of the collective ideology
  7. Jump up ^ With Time Running Out, Scientists Attempt Rescue of African Vegetable Crops. Future Harvest. November 29, 2001
  8. Jump up ^ AgBioForum 9(1): Three Seasons of Subsistence Insect-Resistant Maize in South Africa: Have Smallholders Benefited?. Agbioforum.org (2006-05-31). Retrieved on 2011-10-31.
  9. Jump up ^ Nontraditional Crop Production in Africa for Export. Hort.purdue.edu. Retrieved on 2011-10-31.
  10. Jump up ^ Aid to Africa at Risk: Covering Up Corruption. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-10-31.
  11. Jump up ^ Africa's reform efforts. Odious Debts. Retrieved on 2011-10-31.
  12. Jump up ^ Samuel M. Wangwe FOREIGN AID, DEBT AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Economic and Social Research Foundation (ESRF). 29 July 1998. Paper presented at the UNU-AERC Conference on "Asia and Africa in the Global Economy" at United Nations University Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan 3 – 4 August 1998
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Andrew Shepherd, Tom Mitchell, Kirsty Lewis, Amanda Lenhardt, Lindsey Jones, Lucy Scott and Robert Muir-Wood (2013) "The geography of poverty, disasters and climate extremes in 2030" London: Overseas Development Institute
  14. Jump up ^ http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/jul/24/mobile-phones-africa-microfinance-farming

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]


Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_in_Africa&oldid=657912102"
on 1 comment:
Labels: , , , ,

Friday, 19 September 2014

The Fight against Desertification is Working

July 10 2014  Blogger Ref http://www.p2pfoundation.net/Transfinancial_Economics

Every year, 24 billion tons of fertile soils are lost to us from erosion while 12 million hectares of land are degraded through drought and the steady encroachment of desert. With every hectare of land we lose to drought or the desert, we also lose tons of potential grain which makes life even more of an ordeal for the 1.5 billion people worldwide who make their living off degraded land.
But as we celebrate World Desertification Day this year, there is also new hope as two billion hectares of degraded land have the potential to be restored. In the Maradi and Zinger regions of Niger, sustainable practices led to the spontaneous regeneration of 200 million trees that now secure the livelihoods of 4.5 million people. Regenerated trees such as Faidherbia albida, apple-ring acacia, used for food, fodder and nitrogen fixing have been protected and managed by farmers with no tree nurseries, no planting and nearly no cost – just dedication. On Mali’s Seno Plains, farmers have protected and managed trees on 450,000 hectares of their land.
Word Day to Combat Desertification Global Observance Event: “Land Belongs to the Future – Let’s Climate Proof It.”
To keep that hope alive, hundreds of thousands of people across the world recently celebrated World Day to Combat Desertification, along with many at the World Bank, to raise public awareness about desertification, and promote a global collective response, especially in Africa. 
The global observance organized by the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and hosted by the World Bank in partnership with the Global Environment Facility, TerrAfrica and Connect4Climate, focused on the theme of ecosystem-based adaptation, with a rallying call “Land Belongs to the Future   – Let’s Climate Proof It.”
“Africa is already feeling the harsh bite of climate change, especially in the countries of The Sahel and others affected by prolonged drought and desertification. We are working closely with communities to build up their resilience to adverse weather conditions and invest in climate-smart agriculture,” said AFRVP Makhtar Diop in a special video address to the special Bank-sponsored event. “Our natural allies in this work are collaborative agencies such as TerrAfrica, and UNCCD, which champion existing local innovations that safeguard the environment and create ecosystems that keep the world’s lands alive and productive.”
Climate change is pushing our ecosystems to breaking point and the failure to act may result in food, water, income and security threats. The price to fix degraded land on a large scale and minimize these outcomes is only a fraction of the cost paid through social and political unrest, conflict, forced migration or internal displacement. Restoring a hectare of degraded and fragile soils, in The Sahel, costs as little as US$ 25 to 65.
“The international community must find ways to secure the long-term resilience not only for ecosystems, but also for people and for the poor who are the most affected by desertification,” said Mahmoud Mohieldin, Corporate Secretary and the President’s Special Envoy for the MDGs, in his opening remarks.  “To address the unique issues faced by the most vulnerable, we must invest in applicable solutions that are transformative, and can be scaled up.”
Panel discussion at World Day to Combat Desertification "A Conversation on Drylands: Perspectives from Africa, LAC and the Middle East"
Desertification-fighting champions include Ethiopia whose success was featured through the Bank-produced documentary Greening Ethiopia’s Highlands: A New Hope for Africa. The movie highlights how a landscape approach was used to manage land, water and forest resources to meet the goals of food security and inclusive green growth.
Niger’s effort in the restoration of degraded land and reforestation was also highlighted in the keynote address by its Prime Minister, Brigi Rafini. “Niger is one of hardest hit by desertification with the drying up of Lake Chad,” he said. “But, we have achieved incredible results on the sustainable management of ecosystems through local solutions and the Great Green Wall Initiative. The fight against desertification and climate change is within our reach.”
However, as Magda Lovei, ENRM Sector Manager, remarked, commitments from the top, mobilization at the grassroots and strong policies are necessary to find and deliver solutions. “If all these ingredients for success can be put in place and people do the right thing, nature can heal itself,” she said.
Juergen Voegele, Senior Director for the Agriculture Global Practice, reiterated the need for an approach that lets nature do the job. “Landscapes don’t need to be managed,” he said. “It is the people that need to be managed.”
This point was emphasized with the screening of the Why Poverty? documentary Solar Mamas, which depicts the encouraging training of illiterate mothers and grandmothers to become solar engineers through the Barefoot College in India. The film (embedded below) was screened following a presentation by Raffaelo Cervigni, World Bank Lead Environmental Economist, on the flagship drylands report to stimulate the panel discussion A Conversation on Drylands: Perspectives from Africa, LAC and the Middle East.
Monique Barbut, Executive Secretary, UNCCD
In her closing remarks, Monique Barbut, Executive Secretary, UNCCD, reiterated that insufficient attention is paid to land in climate change adaptation. She emphasized that it is not a matter of inventing solutions - many proven and effective measures exist and should be brought to scale. She pointed out that, while climate change negotiations tend to center around the largest greenhouse gas emitters, when climate change is put in terms of land, the negotiation dynamics can change as 169 countries claimed to be affected by desertification.
There is hope that, as the global community is debating the post-2015 development agenda and the future of climate action, the path chosen would lead towards land-based resilience.
Original post can be accessed on the World Bank website.




The above is from the site below



Share
Share by Email Share to Facebook Share to Twitter

Connect4Climate is a campaign, a coalition, and a community that cares about climate change.

 

on No comments:
Labels: , , ,

Wednesday, 3 April 2013

Commons-Oriented Economists

 

From P2P Foundation
Jump to: navigation, search
This is a cleaner version, for more names see the Commons-Oriented Economists Draft Version

Contents

 [hide] 

Introduction

In October/November 2010, the Commons Strategies Group, consisting of David Bollier, Silke Helfrich, Bea Busaniche and myself (Michel Bauwens, under the auspices and with support of the Heinrich Boll Foundation, organized the Berlin Commons Conference, which brought together representatives of physical and digital commons under the shared topic of 'commons-oriented policy-making'.
For 2013, CSG is proposing to organize a follow-up conference, this time on commons-oriented economists.
Below is some preparatory material.
A useful warning from Marco Berlinguer:
"a commons approach to economy implies a redefinition of what is economy, what is value and a radical re-discussion about the measures (and the structures of power) which are embedded in the capitalistic money codes. And therefore economists as such aren't sufficient to cover all the implications."
For more about the CSG proposal, see: Proposal for a Conference on Commons-Oriented Economics

Introduction and Themes

  • macro-economic conceptions: how does a commons orientation fits in today's economic approaches
  • economy of the physical commons: what can we learn about the governance and economics of local physical commons
  • the economy of digital common: what can we learn from the economics governing digital commons
  • money and funding as a commons: from local credit commons to transnational monetary reform
  • solving the biospheric crisis: preserving and protecting the natural commons

Steering Committee

  1. Land and Nature: Saki Bailey (Italy)
  2. Money & Value: Ludwig Schuster (Germany)
  3. Labor: Heike Löschmann (Germany)
  4. Culture, Science & Knowledge: Mike Linksvayer (US)
  5. Infrastructure: Miguel Said Vieira (Brazil)
  6. Life, Meaning & Spirituality: Andreas Weber (Germany)

Consolidated Draft List of Commons-Oriented Economist per stream

Land and Nature

Responsible for stream: Saki Bailey (Italy)
Recommended:
  • Josh Farley, U. of Vermont (ecological economics, community development)

See also:
  1. James Boyce, UMass Amherst (ecological economics)
  2. Herman Daly, steady-state economics
  3. Peter Söderbaum - important "green economist,
  4. Peter Barnes [1], Pt. Reyes Station, California (former entrepreneur; commons; Sky Trust) *
Names mentioned by Saki Bailey:
  1. Joshua Farley (could also be in Andrea's stream?)
  2. Carol Rose
  3. Anne Le Strat (Paris water)
  4. Ruanda Forest Management
  5. Elizabeth Peredo, Bolivia Fundación Solon ; <elyperedo@gmail.com>, has been participating in LA Deep Dive

Money & Value

Responsible for stream: Ludwig Schuster (Germany)
See also:
  1. Jem Bendell (good speaker on money, can only arrive 23 in the afternoon)
  2. Ellen Brown, reforming finance
  3. Chris Cook, Open Capital approach
  4. Thomas Greco, instituting Credit Commons
  5. Hazel Henderson, Ethical Markets
  6. Mellor, Mary ( 2010). The Future of Money, Pluto Press.
  7. David Hales; Towards a Quality Financial Commons?
  8. Adrian Wrigley on Land-Based Money: Adrian Wrigley discusses a way to ensure both money supply and land values are kept in the public domain.
  9. Luigi Doria and Luca Fantacci (see [2]
  10. Marc Gauvin [BIBO]
  11. Bill Maurer at UC-Irvine on payments systems as commons/public good
  12. Stephen Belgin und Bernard Lietaer
  13. Eli Gothill, young currency reform expert

Labor

Responsible for stream: Heike Löschmann (Germany)
Suggested keynote for labor and care: Adelheid Biesecker
  • Orsan Senalp, TNI, social network unionism, works on labor - commons relation, from occupy/indignados network
  • Allen Butcher has done detailed studies on "community economics" and labor allocation methods
See also:
  1. Jaroslav Vanek, labour cooperative economics, Jaroslav_Vanek_on_Cooperative_Economics

Recommended by George Papanikolau:
"About commons oriented economists my proposal (in fact I should rather say a very strong recommendation) is Petros Linardos Rylmon working in the institute of the General confederation of Greek workers and in Nikos Poulantza's foundation. He has written books on knowledge communities and he is enthusiast about the commons (has discovered them relatively lately). He is also involved in SYRIZA's alternative economy team. I think it is a very good choice which will help spread the word inside the Greek left (David maybe is not familiar with the peculiarities of the Greek politics)."

Culture, Science & Knowledge

Responsible for stream: Mike Linksvayer (US)
Discussed:
  1. Charlotte Hess
  2. Mayo Fuster
  3. Rick Falkvinge, Pirate Party
  4. Beatriz Busaniche
  5. Glyn Moody,
  6. Amelia Anderscogger, Sweden, MP, Pirate Party
  7. Mako Hill
  8. Carolina Botero, Colombia
  9. Adriana Sanchez, Costa Rica
  10. Bernardo Tuitterez, Spain
  11. Prabir Pukayastha
  12. Lawrence Liang
  13. Jaromil

Infrastructure

Responsible for stream: Miguel Said Vieira (Brazil)
  • Kevin Carson, mutualist economics centered around distributed manufacturing
  • Timothy Moss; author of 2 works on urban and water multi-governance

Life, Meaning & Spirituality

Responsible for stream: Andreas Weber (Germany)
  • Dana Klisanin: as an Advisor to the AwareGuide, an on-line guide to transformational media. Together with a growing network of "evolutionaries" and integral visionaries, she is helping to define a culture of thought that uses media as an instrument of spiritual awakening and world transformation. Dana is currently writing a book on digital altruism and the cyberhero archetype;
  • Charlene Spretnak, author of Relational Reality; "Ms. Spretnak's eighth book, Relational Reality: New Discoveries of Interrelatedness That Are Transforming the Modern World was published in 2011. Noting that our hypermodern societies, currently possess only a kindergarten understanding of the deeply relational nature of reality, she illuminates the coherence of numerous recent discoveries that are moving the relational worldview from the margins into the mainstream. The central realization, with myriad manifestations, is that all entities in this world, including humans, are thoroughly relational beings of great complexity who are both composed of and nested within contextual networks of creative, dynamic interrelationships. Nothing exists outside of those relationships."

List provided by Andreas Weber:
Kalevi Kull, Kalevi Kull, kalevi.kull@ut.ee, philosopher, biosemiotician, University of Tartu, Estonia, http://www.zbi.ee/~kalevi/
Lewis Hyde, hyde@kenyon.edu, poet, writer, philosopher, major theoretician on poetics of the gift, US, http://www.lewishyde.com/
Claire Petitmengin, Claire.Petitmengin@polytechnique.edu, cognitive researcher, phenomenologist, buddhist scholar, Institut Télécom, Evry (Paris), http://claire.petitmengin.free.fr/topic/index.html,
Jon Young, E-Mail, bird tracker, naturalist, nature mentor, founder of indian-tradition inspired coyote teaching and wilderness awareness school, US, http://jonyoung.org/
Geseko von Luepke, v.Luepke@geseko.de, deep ecologist, journalist and book author, http://www.tiefenoekologie.de/de/menschen/dr-geseko-von-luepke.html
Bill McKibben, mckibben.bill@gmail.com, sustainability journalist and book author, US
Arthur Zajonc, E-Mail, physicist, spiritual researcher, president of the Mind & Life institute, US, http://www.arthurzajonc.org

Recommended Generalist Commons Economists

Sources

Where to find list of names:
  • Participants in the workshops:
  1. Asia Commons Deep Dive
  2. Europe Commons Deep Dive
  3. Latin America Commons Deep Dive

Master List in Alphabetical Order

M

  1. Timothy Moss
Retrieved from "?title=Commons-Oriented_Economists&oldid=69343"
on No comments:
Labels: , , , , , , , ,
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)